Places of fire

PLACES OF FIRE

Victor Manuel Guzmán Villena

It says that the first form taken by Satan in their terrestrial incarnations was a snake, but in truth in the Old Testament, as the serpent used to tempt the biblical couple is not read was the devil. Rather, the serpent in the Egyptian mysteries, Hindu and Greek plays a very important part the standpoint of philosophical and esoteric of "universal life" as a symbol of wisdom, strength that sets in motion love and desire, and that allegory is precisely embodied in the so-called original sin.

In Revelation XII to the serpent of Genesis is called the devil and Satan. In contrast, in the Egyptian religion, the devil is represented by "Seth" fallen god who killed his brother Osiris. The snake has been for centuries a entity full of mystery and magic. His journey hypnotizes, its terrifying attack and their venom kills.

Also deceives and makes you a sinner like Adam, prolific father in the Hebrew mythology, he is identifies as directly responsible for the paternity of the 5.000 million humans on this planet, this figure is estimated.

It is feared and adored in the myths of many peoples for its venom, but also is considered a symbol of life, as every year molt. Much of the ancient cultures considered it divine, therefore, offered it worship.

To the Chaldeans, the strongest devil was "Marduk" which overthrows the gods Tiamat and Aspu. Among the Canaanites called "Moloch." The Hindustanis is define like "Mara" the testator of Buddha. The original Lucifer, which means Beautiful Light, bearer of light that becomes the devil from the Greek "Diaballein" meaning cast, expelled Satan from the Hebrew Hassatan "which means adversary, enemy. Beelzebub means "Rival of god." Asmodeus, the former Haschmodai is the "Angel of evil" and curiously demon from Greek "Daemon" means wise man.

Instead Lucifer means "Light Bearer", which took the God's fire. So the concept of satanic is associated with the idea of evil. In the Latin name Lucifer (lux, light and ferre, bring) hides the Judeo-Christian expression of rebellion against the universal principle of unity.

In all religions the presence, existence or belief in the devil is a denial from the New Testament only acquires personality and name. With regard to Christianity and especially Catholicism, during the first thirteen centuries after Christ there is no obligation to belief in hell. It is in the Lateran Council in 1215 when establishing the dogma as an article of faith, belief and existence of hell with its representative,the devil, and punishable by excommunication, torture and even death to those who doubt or deny its existence.

The Catholic Church translated in 364 the Council of Laodicea in the official New Testament, it said in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and John, verses in which Jesus is speaking in a more or less clear, something that did not say explicitly or implicitly associated with hell in the form that has taught the Church of Peter.

Ghenna or Hell are two words that should be analyzed to find the origins and cause of that belief. The first word is Hebrew and whose sound resembles the voice Hinman or Jinmon name of a valley near Jerusalem in the bottom of which runs Zion. In it, they said, held the worshipers of Moloch (name of one of the gods of an enemy nation) rites.

Blame for the materialization of the devil and to the humanization occurs with Dante Aligheri, an initiate, to the point that some people accepted as incontrovertible truth descriptive literature of the horrific circles of hell described by him, and becomes reality and dogmatic force when the devil is imposed by the church.

SATAN AND HIS COURT

In the book possession and exorcism in Spain, authored by Professor D'Arbo, explains the kingdom of evil, where he said there is a paramount chief and undisputed king of the devil known as Satan. Along with Satan is a series of assistants and servants who are forming their evil royal court, court according to occult tradition is divided into the following characters:

King: Satan

Princes: 72

Legions of devils under: 1111

Each legion of hell consists in 6666 devils.

There are also various genres such as Igneos found in the highest region of the air and never have any contact with the land.

The second group is the Aeros who are teeming in our atmosphere. They are causing storms, thunderstorms, and sometimes manifested in the earth, albeit vague and indefinite.

The third would make the devils land, who are living among us, crawling on the earth, corrupting and destroying everything.

In the fourth group into play the devils water, those found in the seas, lakes, rivers, storm water promoted as tsunamis, floods and shipwrecks. He explains that when this kind of devils externalized theirs forms are females, like Nymphs and Nereids.

The fifth group consists of the underground hell. They live in cavities of the earth and cause volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, earthquakes and ground cracks and abysmal.

The sixth group consists of the devils Lucifuge prevailing in the darkness and depth of the mysteries of the night.

In the art of numbers pointed the Kabbalah and the number 11 like the secret expression of divine figure: 66. It is also half of 22 which corresponds to the 22 letters of the magic Hebrew alphabet.

The measurement and division of time

THE MEASUREMENT AND DIVISION OF TIME

Victor Manuel Guzmán Villena

The calendar is a system for calculating and recording the time: days, months and seasons. The rotation of the earth on its axis with reference to the sun, stands for one day. The revolution of the moon around the earth, one month, and the earth's revolution around the sun in one year. Different cultures have developed their own calendar through history.

The Moslem calendar is one of the most primitive. Strictly is a lunar calendar. The year consists of twelve lunar months, which retrograde through the seasons in about 32.5 years.

The Egyptian calendar divided the year into 12 months of 30 days each, with 5 additional days that followed every 12 months. As you know the annual loss of a quarter day, go backwards through the seasons in 1460 years, 1461 years hence Egyptians 1360 years are equal to Julian. Egyptian year was called lazy because they started at different times in different seasons.

The Hindu calendar is a lunisolar calendars early in the year is divided into 12 months, with an intercalary month of the same name, inserted after every month in which there are two moons, which occurs approximately every three years . The year begins around April 11.

In the Chinese calendar the year begins with the first new moon after the sun enters Aquarius. It consists of 1 month, a month is intercalated every 30 months. Each month is divided into thirds. Dating from the year 2697 a.de C. So the Chinese equivalent Gregorian year 4702 is 2005 AD.

The Jewish calendar is also lunisolar calendar governing since 3761 BC, the traditional year of creation. The church year begins with the first new moon after the spring equinox, but the civil year begins with the new moon following the autumnal equinox. The years are flawed, every 353 days, 354 days regular, or perfect for 355 days, with an intercalary month in years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19 Metonic cycle of 19 years. Each month begins with the new moon, allowing some flexibility to make certain festivities on appropriate days of the year.

The Roman calendar was originally assumed that consisted of 10 months, with a total of 304 days, beginning in March and ending in December. Numa added January and February, bringing to 355 days, and ordered an intercalary month every second year. The Romans counted backwards from three fixed points of the month: the Kalends, the 1st, the Ides, March 15, May, July and October, and 13 other months, and the nights were the Nones of March while March 30 was the third day before the Kalends of April.

The abuse of power by the pontiffs and the many wars of conquest before the Christian era so broke the Roman calendar after the conquest of Egypt, Julius Caesar led Rome to a Greek named Sosigines astrologer, who with the Marcus Fabius help conducted the first major reform of the calendar: The Julian calendar, which gave its name and entered into force in the Western world in the year 45 BC and continued in use until 1582.

These reforms consisted of: The equinox was returned to March, by inserting two months between November and December of the year 46 BC Christ, creating what later became known as the last year of confusion. It abolished the lunar year and the intercalary month. The duration of the solar year was fixed at 365.25 days. As compensation for the accumulation of these fractions in one day every four years, the extra day was inserted at the end of February, then the last month of the year, making the "leap year" of 366 days.

The fifth month, Quintilis, was named in his honor July. Evenly distributed on the months, 30 days to even months and 31 days for odd, except February which had 30 days in leap year. He ordered it to enter into force on 1 January of the year 45 BC of Christ. However, despite the fact that the Julian calendar came into effect on 1 January, followed the calendar year starting March 25. Augusto slightly disarranged the system and changed the name of Sextilis by Augustus, but refusing to be honored with a month shorter, as July, ordered that he raise it to 31 days, reducing to February to 28 days, except leap years. Hence, to him we should irregular arrangement of the months of 30 and 31 days. However, provided an important service to discontinue leap years about 11 years to correct an error of 3 days that had accumulated gradually because the popes had been inserting a day every 3 years instead of every 4 for 36 years without the error from 1 to 3 days in the chronology of the period never been corrected.

Later Roger Bacon wrote a thesis on calendar reform and referred to the Pope, and in 1474 Pope Sixtus IV summoned Regiomontanus to Rome to lead a reconstruction of the calendar, but died before completing his task. Pope Gregory XII convened a group of learned to discuss and build an accurate calendar. That was how after five years of study went into effect the Gregorian calendar, which instituted the following reforms: 10 days were excluded, provided, that on October 5 will be counted as 15 October; Fixed the duration of the solar year, setting it to 365, 5 hours, 49 minutes, 12 seconds, was made to start the year on January 1, years became the leap secular, only if it is divisible by 400, thus earned a fraction of one day every 100 years than 15 centuries had risen to 10 days. The new calendar was adopted immediately in all Roman Catholic countries, but the rest of the world delayed its acceptance.

History of the months The names of the months are of great antiquity, although in many respects lost its original significance, continue to survive as part of our common language. Originally tended to represent the twelve arches of the annual revolution of the earth in its orbit around the sun, and thus were comparable to those arches are now known as astrological or astronomical signs of the zodiac.

The original meaning of the months is as follows:

January: Month of 31 days, the first in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is named for Janus, who ruled ancient Roman deity doors and gates, and therefore all beginnings. He is depicted with two faces, turning in opposite directions, to indicate that every end is also a beginning. Janus is identified as Jupiter, and indicate that they look both ways to better protect the house that is kept.

February: Month of 28 days, except when added to another inserted in leap years, the second month of the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Not included in the calendar Romuliana, and it is said that Numa him into the Roman calendar in 713 BC C.. The name derives from februaro, purify, what Febra born, the festival of atonement, celebrating the end of the month during which the women were "purified" by priests.

March: Month of 31 days, the third of the Julian and Gregorian calendars first Roman. It is called the honor of Mars, God of War, the famous father of Romulus, who traditionally attributed the compilation of the first calendar. But the month Ovid says that existed before the time of Romulus.

April: 30 days, the fourth month of the Julian and Gregorian calendar, second Roman. Usually relates etymologically with aperire (Latin open), as the season when the flowers open their petals. However, the months were named according to the Roman gods and as April was sacred to Venus and Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis was concluded on day 1, it is possible that the month was originally Aphrilis, by Aphrodite, the Greek name of Venus.

May: Month 31 days, the fifth of the Julian and Gregorian third of the Roman. It is said that it is called in honor of the goddess Maya, daughter of Atlas and mother of Mercury and Jupiter. Nevertheless, for other historians presumably named it in honor of the senators. The month was considered unlucky for marriage due to the celebration of the Lemurs, the feast of the dead unhappy, which took place on 9, 11 and 13. This is reflected in the draft unidentified origin "Marry in May and you'll regret it."

June: Month 30 days, the sixth of the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the fourth in the Roman calendar. Oviedo makes the month was named after Juno, but elsewhere the author contradicts this source. June should probably named after the junior assembly (MPs) from the government, the assembly and May senior (senators). Before the reform of the Julian calendar was 29 days.

July: Month of 31 days, the seventh of the Julian calendar and Gregorian and fifth Roman. Originally called Quintillius. Marco Antonio was renamed in honor of Julius Caesar, who was born in that month.

August: Month of 31 days, the eighth in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the sixth of the Roman calendar. Originally known as Sextilis, by order of Augustus Caesar changed the name, who in rejecting that he was honored with a month smaller than that devoted to Julius Caesar, called July, ordered him to be increased to 31 days, taking the extra day of February . In Gaul and remote part of the empire was known as Aust, which means harvest.

September: Month of 30 days, the ninth in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and seventh Roman. The Ludi Magni, in honor of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, the Romans celebrated September the 4th. In the calendar of Charlemagne was called "month of the harvest", corresponding in part to Fructidor Vendemiaire and partly to the First French Republic.

October: Month of 31 days, the tenth in Julian and the Gregorian and eighth in the Roman calendar. The Equirria when Equuus October was sacrificed to Mars in the Campus Martius, was celebrated on Oct. 15. Successive attempts were made to be called Germanium, Antoninus, Tacitus, Hercules, but all failed, as did the Roman Senate was proposed Faustinus name it in honor of Faustina, wife of Antoninus.

November: Month 30 days, the eleventh in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the ninth of the Roman calendar. The Roman winter started on November 11 and was celebrated on 13 with a sacred banquet in honor of Jupiter, Jovis Epulum. The purpose of the Senate was called Tiberius was vetoed by the Emperor, asking that they would propose to the arrival of Caesar thirteenth. The All Saints Day is 1, the All Souls 2.

December: (Latin: Decem, ten). 31-day month, twelfth in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the tenth of the Roman calendar. The Saturn Saturnalia or holidays celebrated this month. During the reign of Commodus Amazonius was temporarily named in honor of his lover whose portrait was painted as Amazons. Holy month, by the fact that Christmas is celebrated in this month.

Disciplining the Time

Disciplining the Time

Víctor Manuel Guzmán Villena

The first of January is the beginning of the year for many peoples, religions, cultures and ethnic groups. It is a date of big celebrations and of new hopes. According to our calendar, Julian, and citing as an example a year 2008, points out the calendar of the Coptic ones that we are in the year 1723.

According to the Muslims it is the year 1427 (in memory of the flight of Mahoma of the Mecca to Medina). According to the Jews we are in the year 5768. It is necessary to add that the anecdotal fact of which, because of the French revolution, there began a new calendar that was starting on September 22, 1792 (year I) but that only lasted three years, being absorbed by the Gregorian one, whose reform entered in effect from 1582, which the Julian calendar corrects, and to establish the balance eliminates on October ten days: from 5 to 14!, but this reform did not come everywhere immediately into force. Consulting the perpetual calendar, the only copy is in Quito, Ecuador, in a historian's private library, there is the reform that was promulgated in 1582 and they were abolished in ten days.

In Germany a movement took place and the catholic regions adopt the reform in 1584, as in Bohemia, but in the Protestant regions the reform is adopted in 1775, almost two hundred years later, not to speak about Bulgaria, this is a fact that is convenient to retain that only adopted it in 1917.

In England the Gregorian reform is applied in 1752, for hate towards the papists, the Anglican ones also resisted two centuries.

In Latin America towns the Julian calendar was adopted after the Spanish conquest and imposed by force. The Mayan, Aztecs and Incas who were using different time measurements and who were done in accordance with their cultures and needs, were erased of the map of the science despite having big astrologers and astronomers.

The Mayan calendar not only has marked the time but it has indicated with big accuracy the solar and lunar eclipses and has a lack of coordination of only 2 seconds in 2 thousand years of its existence.

Hence would derive, in poetical terms walking for house nothing it exists so relatively as the time. Unable to fix its beginning, the same way of fixing cycles – its duration - and let's not say its end.

In the beginning it was not the clock, it was the Verb

The duration of the time depends on if we have a good time or suffer, on if the things move or they are calm, on themselves, if with the age, we project ourselves towards the future or turn the look backwards.

As for the end of the times we do not know with accuracy of which it consists, if must be understood by it that what we call time will stop existing or if there will supervene a type of time radically different from the one that till now has been showed to us.

How much time do we waste?

Exists the time sidereal: the one that measures itself for the apparent movement of the stars and more especially of the first Aries point. Exists the Paschal time. The Dictionary of the real Spanish Academy of the Language says to us that we can have good time, give time to the time, train it, cheat it, lose it, lift it and even make ourselves comfortable to it.

I am impressed exceedingly by the “dead time” of the waiting rooms in the public offices, in the medical offices and that of the sleep, where the secret of our survival is. A 50-year-old man has slept nearly 20 years. Some explanation fits: How much time do we waste watching TV , in front to the screen of the computer? …

The optimists usually say: "Every day is the best of the year” and “a quarter of an hour is more valuable than thousand golden ounces”. The pessimists answer that “there is no expense costlier than the time” and that “the year has 365 anxiety”.

Between some and others the eclectic ones for which everything depends on the concept of the eternity, assumption that the eternity can be a concept. The musicians know the discipline of the time as nobody, and in this line I would remain with Mozart.

There are painters of whom I would say that they do against themselves and against the clock: I am thinking about Van Gogh, Dalí or Picasso. The current architects, without time to conceive a cathedral, and that they do not aspire that his designs last, and up to the futurologists in his majority they stop every year perplexed on having thought about the advances of the XXIst century.

If it is true that we come from the water, since we are aquatic beings and today we are in the age of aquarium, era of transparence, crystalline and of peace, after leaving the terrifying age of piscis, era of change to base difficulties: The Inquisition, the Middle Ages, two world wars.

Really have been million years to get to our condition. Now it is anticipated that soon wings will sprout on us and that for a still unknown chink we will glimpse the universe.

“I have no time” acceptable phrase in mouth of Miguel Ángel but not in Leonardo da Vinci that was taking a lot of time to realize his masterpieces. Terrible in mouth of the executives, politicians, bankers, business men, since the ambition does that the time swallows them and that when they realize already they will not have time to enjoy it.

Therefore we owe time to the time and we all will go out winning. Well, if we do what we should do, but let's remember that suitable armchairs exist to ponder on the time. If we have the feeling of waste our time, the anxiety will supervene and they will place a pacemaker in us: apocalyptic vision? Sensible measurement – and if not to the time, I was thinking a night of timeless moon.

Destiny, Luck and Fortune

DESTINY, LUCK AND FORTUNE

VICTOR MANUEL GUZMAN VILLENA

We have said that the luck consists of the fact that happens something favorable or adverse beyond of an effective prevention. There exists a significant difference between the luck and the fortune. An individual is furtunate whenever something good happens following the normal course of the things. Nevertheless, is lucky when the benefit comes.

In spite of being doubtful and especially if it happens in spite of being slightly probable and against any reasonable expectation. A person who inherits a big quantity of money, is going to be able to travel in first class is fortunate, but, in strict sense, it is not possible to say that this person is lucky.

On the contrary, the passenger of a plane to which the crew changes his tourist's seat to the first class, is possible to affirm that he has been lucky. Usually, the destiny and the fortune have to do with the conditions and specific circumstances of our lives, while the luck is in the ambience of the good or bad things that happen to us for coincidence.

Our capacity and innate talents are at the side of the good fortune; the opportunities that the coincidence puts in our way to develop them at the side of the luck. To have a cold is a misfortune, it happens often to many people, if that happens to someone the day when is going to a premiere is to have no luck.

You have to inherit an immense fortune thanks to a favorable destiny, but it is possible to be said that you are a person with luck if you inherit it just on time to save you from the bankruptcy.

The luck and the coincidence constitute two faces of the same coin. But the destiny is something different, something that is not chance. Let's suppose that it is discovered that an enormous meteorite, which has not been detected, is on the point of clashing with the earth. The destiny of the humanity is marked. During a certain number of days, the earth will be covered by a cloud of dust that will make the continuation of the life impossible for the mammals. What a catastrophe!

In these circumstances we will be able to say that the extinction of the human species, definitely speaking, is a misfortune, but we might not say that we have had no luck. It is the element of the surprise, of the coincidence and of the unpredictable thing, what allows us to distinguish the luck of the destination, or of the fortune in general.

The dangerous of the luck means that in interactions where one part runs with all the risks, and the only one can be lucky. The sponsors of the lottery are destined to win, but only the players can be lucky.

The same can be applied to the casinos where the things are organized in such a way that the house “always wins”. Of the same way, we can be lucky, in certain circumstances, for example being red-haired (in case this peculiarity makes us eligible for securing a certain benefit), nevertheless, we cannot say someone should be lucky only for the fact of be. Nevertheless, the red-haired individuals are lucky if the sponsor decides that they should be the beneficiaries of his generosity.

The luck is unforeseeable. And this is reflected in the inconsistency and in to the variable of the luck. A Scotch proverb of 1721 says: "Behind the bad luck the good one comes." (The opposite is also true). There is another old maxim that he says: "The only sure thing of the luck is that it changes.”

Only if we believe that we get a life in luck, as if it was a question of a share-out at random, we can interpret the global destination of a person in luck terms. In this case the entire sum of everything good and the bad thing that happens to an individual remains limited, in a global and automatic way, to a matter of eventful assign. Obviously it seems slightly realistic.

And so, it is considered that a person is lucky for being gifted in the field of the mathematics, but we cannot say that this person should be lucky with regard to the mathematics because the coincidence is not implied. His gift and his capacity are integral parts of the mentioned person; it is not anything that the hazard provides him and that be added to his current identity.

A person is lucky if he finds in his life a person who stimulates him or helps him to develop his own capacities. But the fact of having the mentioned capacity has to be with the fortune and not with the luck.

It has no sense to establish comparisons between the personal destination and the gambling games, because in case of the games there always exists a player who has been in a competition earlier, while in case of the people a precedent never exists, an individual deprived of identity that obtains everything for having a special quality.

The distinction that occupies us is not pure and completely one to have to realize of the different uses of the terms “luck“ and “fortune“.

It is necessary, to do some clarifications of linguistic character. When we ask a girl who says to us that she has just being engaged: "Who is the lucky one?", it would be necessary to use the word fortune and to ask: Who is the furtunate one?, whenever we want to avoid any other type of suggestion that would make us think that she has extracted the name of a hat.

It would be necessary to speak so about fortune and not about luck. The distinction between both, bearing in mind that the second one bears an eventful element which the first one lacks, sometimes is not present in the common use where any occasional infraction is detected.

The Luck and the Extraordinary

THE LUCK AND THE EXTRAORDINARY

VICTOR MANUEL GUZMAN VILLENA

If one day we ate apples and they feed us, on the following day it would kill us; if our neighbor was an agreeable man and at the same time a maniac killer; the human life and the society would not resist it; in fact it might not have developed. But the regularity and the normality of the established order it is not all in the human kingdom.

The luck and the coincidence pops in often and mix up the mentioned regularity, provoking "without knowing how or why" events that affect in considerable form our well-being and our adversity. And it is just here where the luck enters in scene. Both the luck and the fortune are evidently vain. As says Horacio: "The happy fortune, is cruel action, and been obstinate on having played its perverse game, always changing its inconstant honors, favoring me now or some one else."

 

The luck is the antithesis of a reasonable expectation. It is evident in contra-indicated situations, events that are surprising because they are opposed to all kinds of predictable situations. Some of the fundamental examples of events that we should surprise are those that are out of our control and those which contingency is inherently eventful.

The luck grows between the probability and the reality, between what it is possible to wait reasonably (what for logic should happen) and what really happens. When both coincide, the luck disappears, the individual who obtains a foreseeable profit is fortunate, but it is not lucky. But when the good thing or the bad thing enters action in circumstances in which the reality disagrees with a reasonable expectation, of that time, the luck, already be good or bad, it is in scene.

Nevertheless, a happy or unhappy event can be a luck matter from the point of view of the recipient, even if it is a result of a strategy debated by others. (A beneficent secret that sends to us a check with an important quantity represents a blow of good luck, although it is something that he has planned for years). in such a way if someone different to the affected person is capable of predicting an unexpected event, it enters in the field of the luck for those that are implied.

THE GOOD THINGS

There are, in general, three ways to reach the good things in life as health, wealth and the success, and similar others: theoretically they can be achieved by means of the effort and the hard work (to the old style), or thanks to the fortune (for birth and heredity), or simply being lucky winning the "lottery of the life". Usually, for most of us and during most of the time, the good things are a fruit of the effort, the planning, the work and the determination.

The luck represents a way of obtaining them more easily, as if it was a question of a "gift of the gods". (And, of course, it works in two senses: what the good luck gives, the bad luck takes it). The luck comes to be a short cut that allows us to reach the good things of the life.

With good luck we obtain something for nothing, an unexpected and undeserved birth. Normally the good things that happen to us are a fruit of our skill, an our effort, while everything bad that happens to us is imputed, consequently, to our defects. But the luck provides an alternative route to us. For those that have the favors of the luck, "a blow of good luck is so good as a knowledge sack" ( says the saying). When someone admits that has good luck, the natural reaction not only is of surprise, but also of pleasing. To have a favor that to take to us as a game of circumstances when we have not asked for, is something that someone has the obligation to find agreeably.

THE EXPECTED

Since the luck implies that the things happen for good or for bad of unforeseeable form, it is deduced that it is necessary to think that the people are lucky whenever someone reaches the success beyond the reasonable level of sense of expectancy that their inherited qualities and acquired conditions would indicate. And on the contrary, those that fail beyond the reasonable level of sense of expectancy that their defects indicate, shortcomings and personal deficits, would be necessary to think that simply they have no luck. Therefore, whenever the things pass for normal and natural couses as someone hopes that should pass, the luck is not in scene.

The luck implies an alienation of the expected, and its place in the stage of the human matters insures itself for the fact that the conditions of the life are irregular, be of social, political or astrological character; the things do not always pass for normal and regular channels. Every one can have a bad day, even big champions like Tiger Woods or Michael Schumacher.

IT IS ALWAYS A GIFT

Does not matter what the good luck give to us, it is always a gift; whenever the luck is implied, it is not required to put ourselves to test our talent not even to realize any effort, and no merit it is in game. On the contrary, whatever the bad luck takes from us, it leaves our intact merits; our worth does not suffer any decrease when the luck is in game, demands neither a decrease of our talents nor a defeat of our effort.

The luck fond of our personal condition, but it does not reflect our personal worth. Alfaro, Allende, Guevara, Lincoln were murdered. Harry Truman, Ronald Reagan the Pope Juan Pablo II survived the attempts of murders. (In case of Truman he went out completely unharmed and it is possible to be said that he was lucky). In this context, no particular merit is added aside either of the dichotomy, or any special defect to other. When we say that it is as well as the luck works, we have said everything.

The coincidence is evident of more notable form when the improbable circumstances happen in fact. We are lucky especially when the things are favorable to us in spite of our inaction, or even more, in spite of the bad advices and the wrong actions. And hence, we have especially bad luck when the things gobad for us in spite of having done everything precise so that they were going out well.

The patient who recovers suddenly in spite of having taken the medicines that were not the right ones, is lucky; the one that deteriorates in spite of being take the precise medication and continue the suitable treatment, has no luck. In such cases, the logic of the common sense of the concrete situation indicates in a direction, while the dictations of the destination indicate in the opposite direction. The functioning of the luck is evident clearly in the favorable and adverse events that do not have to happen "for logic".

Between thousand shares in the stock-exchange some are destined to rise while others not, independently to that the moment is propitious or not. Numerous people have shares. Therefore, always will be losers and winners. And, given the eventful of the matter, the difference between them will generally depend only and exclusively of luck.

What does luck consist of?

WHAT DOES LUCK CONSIST OF?

Víctor Manuel Guzmán Villena

“If nothing stakes, nothing is gained”. “To prove luck” occasionally is something very reasonable, but “to trust in the luck” like a systematical politics to follow is simply a stupidity. What does the luck involve?

To determine that a person is lucky it is convenient to do two fundamental clarifications:

First of all, and as for the person in question, the result that takes place is completely "accidental". There has to be something eventful whenever we speak about luck. (We might not say that an individual is lucky because the mail has come to his house, unless there has happened a catastrophe in which there has lost the whole mail with important messages except that belong of some individuals and this person is one of them).

Secondly, the result in question is of big importance while it is a question of a positive or negative result, a loss or a benefit. (If X win the lottery, has been lucky; if Z is struck by a stone, has no luck; but if we consider a fortuitous event like which a person is momentarily in the shade because of a cloud, in this case it is not possible to speak about luck).

And so, the luck implies three things:

1st) a beneficiary and an affected one;

2nd) an event that turns out to be a favorable (positive) or adverse (negative) from the point of view of the interests of the affected individual, and that also,

3rd) be fortuitous (unexpected and unforeseen).

The luck (good or bad) always provided with a normative element of good or bad; someone has to be affected in a positive or negative way for an event before his execution could be a properly qualified positively or negatively. It is only and exclusively because we have interests, for what the things can affect us for good or for bad; this implies that the luck is in action.

We cannot say that a person should be lucky because finds pigeons in a square, or because sees a cloud on his head, while these phenomena do not affect to the well-being of a person. (It would be very different if he had bet on this matter).

With a normal individual, these slovenly episodes, namely the famous meeting with the windmills, for example, would be a misfortune. But for the knight errant Quixote of La Manchat with his strange madness and his eccentric way of considering the things, everything was for good like demonstration of the seriousness of his dedication to the chivalrous mission.

The suspense that is imposed in this case as for the luck or misfortune serves to support the topic of the luck in suspense: the possibility of benefit or loss is crucial for the luck. An inert element, namely, a rock or a hammer cannot be lucky. There can happen things that preserve them or that spoil them, but the absence of any element of affectivity means interests absence and therefore it discards the entry in action of the luck.

It might compare “the defeat of one negative event” with “one positive event”, and consequently, “the defeat of a positive event” with “a negative event”; the direct and indirect ways of the luck could be identified. (The above mentioned identification turns out to be commendable since, considering the equation to be mentioned above, fail of the negative - positive event, it seems completely appropriate.

Perhaps to avoid to lose is not to win, but it is, without place to doubt, something positive. In any case, the good luck is not a gain or profit of any type, but is take a risk and leaving victorious.